Pterosauria: Ntabwo ndi "dinosaur iguruka"
Mu bumenyi bwacu, dinosauri zari abatware b'isi mu bihe bya kera. Dufata nk'aho inyamaswa zisa icyo gihe zose zishyirwa mu cyiciro cya dinosauri. Rero, Pterosauria yahindutse "dinosauri ziguruka". Mu by'ukuri, Pterosauria ntiyari dinosauri!
Dinosauri yerekeza ku bikururuka bimwe na bimwe byo ku butaka bishobora kugenda bihagaze, hatarimo pterosaur. Pterosauria ni ibikururuka biguruka gusa, hamwe na dinosaure zombi ziri mu migezi ya Ornithodira yihindurije. Ni ukuvuga ko pterosauria na dinosaure ari nk' "ababyara". Ni bene wabo ba hafi, kandi ni ibyerekezo bibiri by'ubwihindurize byabayeho mu gihe kimwe, kandi umukurambere wabo wa vuba aha yitwa Ornithischiosaurus.
Iterambere ry'amababa
Ubutaka bwari bwiganjemo dinosaur, naho ikirere cyari cyiganjemo pterosaur. Ni umuryango, kuki umwe ari mu kirere undi ari ku butaka?
Mu burengerazuba bw'Intara ya Liaoning mu Bushinwa, habonetse igi rya pterosauria ryari ryarashwanyaguritse ariko nta kimenyetso cyo kuvunika cyagaragaje. Byagaragaye ko uturemangingo tw'amababa y'intanga ziri imbere twakuze neza, bivuze ko pterosauria ishobora kuguruka vuba nyuma yo kuvuka.
Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe n'impuguke nyinshi bwagaragaje ko pterosauria ya mbere yakomotse ku bisimba bito, bitera udukoko, kandi bifite amaguru maremare nka Scleromochlus, byari bifite uturemangingo ku maguru yabyo y'inyuma, bikagera ku mubiri cyangwa umurizo. Ahari kubera ko byari bikenewe ko bibaho no kubyangiza, uruhu rwabyo rwarushijeho kuba runini kandi buhoro buhoro rukura rukagira ishusho isa n'amababa. Bityo byashoboraga no kujyanwa hejuru buhoro buhoro bikavamo ibikururanda biguruka.
Ibisigazwa by'ibinyabuzima bigaragaza ko mbere na mbere utu duto tutari duto gusa, ahubwo ko n'imiterere y'amagufwa mu mababa itagaragaraga. Ariko buhoro buhoro, twagiye tuzamuka twerekeza mu kirere, maze ibaba rinini, Pterosauria ifite umurizo mugufi iguruka buhoro buhoro isimbuza "udusimba", amaherezo iba ikirere cyiganjemo.
Mu 2001, havumbuwe ibisigazwa by'ibinyabuzima bya pterosauria mu Budage. Amababa y'ibinyabuzima bya pterosauria yari yarazigamwe igice. Abahanga mu bya siyansi babimurikiye urumuri rwa ultraviolet maze bamenya ko amababa yabyo ari urugingo rw'uruhu rufite imitsi y'amaraso, imitsi n'udupira turerure. Udupira dushobora gushyigikira amababa, kandi urugingo rw'uruhu rushobora gukururwa cyane, cyangwa gupfunyika nk'umufana. Kandi mu 2018, ibisigazwa bibiri bya pterosauria byavumbuwe mu Bushinwa byagaragaje ko nabyo bifite ubwoya bwa kera, ariko bitandukanye n'ubwoya bw'inyoni, ubwoya bwabyo bwari buto kandi bworoshye cyane bushobora gukoreshwa mu kubungabunga ubushyuhe bw'umubiri.
Kuguruka biragoye
Urabizi? Mu bisigazwa byabonetse, uburebure bw'amababa ya pterosauria nini bushobora kwaguka metero 10. Kubwibyo, abahanga bamwe bemeza ko nubwo yaba ifite amababa abiri, pterosauria imwe nini ntishobora kuguruka igihe kirekire kandi kirekire nk'inyoni, ndetse hari n'abantu batekereza ko ishobora kutazigera iguruka na gato! Kubera ko iremereye cyane!
Ariko, uburyo pterosauria yagurukaga ntabwo busobanutse neza. Bamwe mu bahanga mu bya siyansi banatekereza ko wenda pterosauria itakoresheje uburyo bwo kuguruka nk'inyoni, ariko amababa yayo yahindutse ubwayo, ikora imiterere yihariye y'ikirere. Nubwo pterosauria nini yakeneraga amaguru akomeye kugira ngo ive hasi, ariko amagufwa manini yayahinduye aremereye cyane. Bidatinze, babonye uburyo! Amagufwa y'amababa ya pterosauria yahindutse imiyoboro y'ubujyakuzimu ifite inkuta nto, byatumye "igabanya ibiro" neza, irushaho koroha no kumererwa neza, kandi ishobora kuguruka byoroshye cyane.
Abandi bavuga ko pterosauria itashoboraga kuguruka gusa, ahubwo yanamanukaga nk'ibisiga kugira ngo birwanye amafi yo hejuru y'inyanja, ibiyaga n'imigezi. Guhunga byatumye pterosauria ikora ingendo ndende, ihunga inyamaswa zirya inyamaswa no guteza imbere aho ziba.
Kawah Dinosaur Urubuga rwemewe:www.kawahdinosaur.com
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-18-2019