Ni gute wasuzuma igitsina cy'inyamaswa zo mu bwoko bwa dinosaur?

Hafi ya byose bizima by’inyamaswa zo mu bwoko bwa vertebrate bibyara binyuze mu kororoka kw’imibonano mpuzabitsina,soinyamaswa za dinosaure zakoze. Imiterere y'igitsina cy'inyamaswa nzima akenshi igira ibimenyetso bigaragara inyuma, bityo biroroshye gutandukanya ingabo n'ingore. Urugero, inyoni z'ingabo zifite ubwoya bwiza bw'umurizo, intare z'ingabo zifite imisatsi miremire, n'impala z'ingabo zifite amahembe kandi ni nini kurusha iz'ingore. Nk'inyamaswa yo muri Mesozoic, amagufwa y'inyamaswa za dinosaure yarashyinguwemunsiubutaka imyaka miliyoni mirongo, n'imitsi yoroshyeikibishobora kugaragaza igitsinabya dinosaurezarazimiye, bityo rero ni ko biri kokobigoranyegutandukanya igitsina cya dinosaur! Ibisigazwa byinshi byabonetse ni amagufwas, kandi ni bike cyane bishobora kubikwa mu mitsi n'ibikomoka ku ruhu. None se twasuzuma dute igitsina cya dinosaur dukurikije ibi bisigazwa by'ibinyabuzima?

Imvugo ya mbere ishingiye ku kuba hari igufwa rya medullary. Ubwo Mary Schweitzer, inzobere mu bya paleontology muri Kaminuza ya Carolina y'Amajyaruguru muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, yakoraga isesengura ryimbitse rya "Bob" (ibisigazwa bya tyrannosaur), yasanze hari urwego rw'amagufwa rwihariye mu magufwa y'ibisigazwa, ari na rwo bitaga uruhande rw'umusemburo w'amagufwa. Urwo ruhu rw'umusemburo rugaragara mu gihe cyo kubyara no gutera amagi y'ingore, kandi ahanini rutanga kalisiyumu ku magi. Ibintu nk'ibyo byagaragaye no muri dinosaure nyinshi, kandi abashakashatsi bashobora gufata ibyemezo ku gitsina cya dinosaure. Muri ubwo bushakashatsi, femur y'iyi dinosaure fossil yabaye ikintu cy'ingenzi mu kumenya igitsina cya dinosaure, kandi ni yo igufwa ryoroshye kumenya igitsina. Niba hari urwego rw'igufwa rifite imyenge hafi y'umwobo w'igufwa rya dinosaure, byemezwa ko iyi ari dinosaure y'ingore mu gihe cyo gutera amagufwa. Ariko ubu buryo bukwiriye gusa dinosaure ziguruka na dinosaure ziteguye kubyara cyangwa zabyaye, kandi zidashobora kumenya dinosaure zidatwite.

Iya kabiriitangazo ni ugutandukanya hashingiwe ku gasongero k'inyamaswa za dinosaur. Abashakashatsi mu byataburuwe mu matongo bigeze gutekereza koigitsina byashoboraga gutandukanywa n'ibishushanyo bya dinosaur, uburyo bwari bukwiriye cyane Hadrosaurus. Dukurikijeurwegoy'ubuke n'umwanya wa "ikamba"byaHadrosaurus, igitsina gishobora gutandukanywa. Ariko umuhanga mu by'amateka Milner arabyanga, ni ndesaid“Hari itandukaniro mu makamba y’ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bwa dinosaur, ariko ibi bishobora gutekerezwaho gusa no kwirengagizwa.” Nubwoturi itandukanirohagati Inzobere zananiwe kumenya imiterere y’ifi y’inyoni zo mu bwoko bwa dinosaure, ni ukuvuga imiterere y’ifi y’ingabo n’iy’abagore.

Imvugo ya gatatu ni ugufata ibyemezo bishingiye ku miterere yihariye y'umubiri. Ishingiro ni uko mu nyamaswa nzima n'ibikururuka, igitsina gabo gikunze gukoresha imiterere yihariye y'umubiri kugira ngo gikurure igitsina gore. Urugero, izuru ry'inguge ya proboscis rifatwa nk'igikoresho gikoreshwa n'ingabo kugira ngo gikurure igitsina gore. Hari imiterere imwe n'imwe ya dinosaure ifatwa nk'ikoreshwa mu gukurura igitsina gore. Urugero, izuru ry'umugongo rya Tsintaosaurus spinorhinus n'ikamba rya Guanlong wucaii bishobora kuba intwaro y'ubumaji ikoreshwa n'ingabo kugira ngo zikurure igitsina gore. Ariko, nta bisigazwa bihagije bihari kugira ngo byemezwe ibi kugeza ubu.

Imvugo ya kane ni ugusuzuma ukurikije ingano y'umubiri. Dinosaurs zikomeye zo mu bwoko bumwe zishobora kuba zari iz'ingabo. Urugero, imitwe y'ingabo ya Pachycephalosaurus isa nkaho iremereye kurusha iyo mu ngabo. Ariko inyigo irwanya iyi mvugo, igaragaza itandukaniro ry'igitsina mu moko amwe ya dinosaur, cyane cyane Tyrannosaurus rex, yatumye habaho ivangura rikomeye mu mitekerereze ya rubanda. Mu myaka myinshi ishize, inyandiko y'ubushakashatsi yavugaga ko T-rex y'ingore ari nini kurusha T-rex y'ingabo. Ariko, ibi byashingiye gusa ku ngero 25 z'amagufwa atuzuye. Dukeneye amagufwa menshi kugira ngo dusesengure neza imiterere y'igitsina cya dinosaur.

Biragoye cyane kumenya igitsina cy’inyamaswa zazimye mu bihe bya kera ukoresheje ibisigazwa by’ibinyabuzima, ariko ubushakashatsi bwabo bufitiye akamaro cyane abahanga mu bya siyansi bo muri iki gihe kandi bufite ingaruka zikomeye ku mibereho y’inyamaswa za dinosaur. Ariko, hari ingero nke cyane ku isi zishobora kwiga neza igitsina cya dinosaur, kandi hari abashakashatsi bake cyane mu bya siyansi mu nzego zijyanye na byo.

Kawah Dinosaur Urubuga rwemewe:www.kawahdinosaur.com